Some excellent questions.
I play with a wide cross-section of golfing humanity. I try to lead by example and repair pitch marks, divot holes and rake bunkers carefully. If a player appears to be a beginner and fails to repair the course, I will politely explain the need to repair the damage we make.
If something another golfer does affects my play (walks on my line, talks during my turn to hit, etc...) I say something directly to the person. I try to add a touch of self-deprecating humor like:
"My putting is bad but walking in my line is giving me some good excuses if I miss. Thanks."
or
"I have the attention span of a gnat so any noise or talking when I am hitting will distract me. Help me out. Thanks."
If the player continues to be a problem then I will just tell them to be quiet or stay off my line. That rarely occurs.